【TeeChart .NET教程】（七）使用函數(shù)
【下載TeeChart.Net最新版本】
（一）功能類型
1.1 功能類型
TeeChart Pro功能是一個(gè)系列，幾乎可以是任何系列類型，應(yīng)用代數(shù)功能，數(shù)據(jù)源是另一個(gè)圖表系列。所有函數(shù)都派生自Steema.TeeChart.Functions命名空間中的Function類，并繼承Function的 Period屬性。TeeChart Pro提供以下預(yù)定義功能列表：
多種功能類型僅支持一個(gè)輸入系列。但是，可以鏈接鏈接函數(shù)，例如，將圖表中多個(gè)系列的平均值創(chuàng)建為平均函數(shù)系列，然后使用平均函數(shù)作為趨勢(shì)函數(shù)的輸入來(lái)標(biāo)識(shí)平均值的趨勢(shì)。
添加功能
使用TeeChart Editor，在First Chart頁(yè)面上，選擇Add按鈕，就像將新系列添加到Chart中一樣。在TeeChart Gallery中，選擇Functions選項(xiàng)卡以選擇所需的功能。每個(gè)功能都顯示為一個(gè)系列，用戶可以稍后通過(guò)選擇第一個(gè)圖表頁(yè)面上的更改按鈕來(lái)更改與該功能關(guān)聯(lián)的系列類型。之后，在函數(shù)系列的“數(shù)據(jù)源”頁(yè)面上可以輕松更改函數(shù)定義。在這里，同樣容易，用戶可以將已添加到Chart的正常Series的定義更改為Function的定義（Function實(shí)際上是數(shù)據(jù)源的定義，而不是Series Type的定義）。下圖顯示了編輯函數(shù)時(shí)的“數(shù)據(jù)源”頁(yè)面。線系列（標(biāo)題“line2”）已定義。數(shù)據(jù)源頁(yè)面底部的左側(cè)列表框顯示了可供輸入的圖表中的其他系列（此處為“line1”）。
從一個(gè)完全空的Chart開始，這里是代碼中用于構(gòu)建簡(jiǎn)單的Series-Function相關(guān)Chart的步驟。
[C#.Net]
private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
//Add a data Series
Line line1 = new Line(tChart1.Chart);
//Populate it with data (here random)
line1.FillSampleValues(10);
//Add a series to be used for an Average Function
Line line2 = new Line(tChart1.Chart);
//Define the Function Type for the new Series
Steema.TeeChart.Functions.Average average1 = new Steema.TeeChart.Functions.Average();
line2.Function = average1;
//Define the Datasource for the new Function Series
line2.DataSource = line1;
//*Note - When populating your input Series manually you will need to
//use the Checkdatasource method
//- See the section entitled 'Defining a Datasource'
//Change the Period of the Function so that it groups averages
//every 2 Points
line2.Function.Period = 2;
line2.CheckDataSource();
[VB.Net]
Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
'Add a data Series
Dim Line1 As New Steema.TeeChart.Styles.Line(TChart1.Chart)
'Populate it with data (here random)
Line1.FillSampleValues(10)
'Add a series to be used for an Average Function
Dim Line2 As New Steema.TeeChart.LineSeries(TChart1.Chart)
'Define the Function Type for the new Series
Dim Average1 As New Steema.TeeChart.Functions.Average()
Line2.Function = Average1
'Define the Datasource for the new Function Series
Line2.DataSource = Line1
'*Note - When populating your input Series manually you will need to
'use the Checkdatasource method
'- See the section entitled 'Defining a Datasource'
'Change the Period of the Function so that it groups averages
'every 2 Points
Line2.Function.Period = 2
Line2.CheckDataSource()
End Sub
添加另一個(gè)函數(shù)來(lái)獲取有關(guān)前一個(gè)函數(shù)的信息
[C#.Net]
private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
//Let's change to 2D for visibility
tChart1.Aspect.View3D = false;
//Add another Series to be used for a 2nd Function
Line line3 = new Line(tChart1.Chart);
//Define the Function Type for the new Series
Steema.TeeChart.Functions.High high1 = new Steema.TeeChart.Functions.High();
line3.Function = high1;
//Define the Datasource for the new Function Series
//Use the existing Function (Series2) as input
line3.DataSource = tChart1.Series[1];
//Leave the Period at default 0 (No Period set) to draw
//A line at Highest of all points of the Average Function
[VB.Net]
Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
'Let's change to 2D for visibility
TChart1.Aspect.View3D = False
'Add another Series to be used for a 2nd Function
Dim Line3 As New Steema.TeeChart.LineSeries(TChart1.Chart)
'Define the Function Type for the new Series
Dim High1 As New Steema.TeeChart.Functions.High()
Line3.Function = High1
'Define the Datasource for the new Function Series
'Use the existing Function (Series2) as input
Line3.DataSource = TChart1.Series(1)
'Leave the Period at default 0 (No Period set) to draw
'A line at Highest of all points of the Average Function
End Sub
1.2 定義數(shù)據(jù)源
上一節(jié)中的示例重點(diǎn)介紹如何使用Datasource通過(guò)代碼填充Function。Series使用datasource定義Function的輸入或定義Series ADO.NET數(shù)據(jù)源。使用TeeChart編輯器，在添加函數(shù)后，函數(shù)系列的“Datasource”頁(yè)面將顯示包含在函數(shù)定義中的可用系列列表。可以更改要應(yīng)用于系列的函數(shù)類型，并從左側(cè)列表框“Available”中選擇系列，并將它們添加到右側(cè)列表框“Selected”，按代碼的數(shù)據(jù)源使用Series.Datasource屬性。
例;
假設(shè)在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)通過(guò)TeeChart編輯器添加了2個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)系列，添加了一個(gè)由2系列的平均值組成的函數(shù)：
[C#.Net]
private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
tChart1.Aspect.View3D = false;
bar1.FillSampleValues(10);
bar2.FillSampleValues(10);
private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
Steema.TeeChart.Styles.Line line1 = new Steema.TeeChart.Styles.Line(tChart1.Chart);
Steema.TeeChart.Functions.Average average1 = new Steema.TeeChart.Functions.Average();
line1.DataSource = new object[] this.bar2,this.bar1;
line1.Function = average1;
line1.Marks.Visible = true;
[VB.Net]
Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
TChart1.Aspect.View3D = False
Bar1.FillSampleValues(10)
Bar2.FillSampleValues(10)
End Sub
Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
Dim DataSource As New ArrayList()
DataSource.Add(Bar1)
DataSource.Add(Bar2)
Dim Line1 As New Steema.TeeChart.Styles.Line(TChart1.Chart)
Dim Average1 As New Steema.TeeChart.Functions.Average()
Line1.Function = Average1
Line1.DataSource = DataSource
End Sub
為2系列添加點(diǎn)數(shù)：
[C#.Net]
private void button2_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
Random rnd = new Random();
for(int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
bar1.Add(rnd.Next(500));
bar2.Add(rnd.Next(500));
[VB.Net]
Private Sub Button2_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button2.Click
Dim rnd As New Random()
Dim i As Integer
For i = 0 To 10
Bar1.Add(rnd.Next(500))
Bar2.Add(rnd.Next(500))
Next
End Sub
請(qǐng)注意，該功能不會(huì)顯示，需要在Button2_Click（）事件中添加Series.CheckDatasource方法以讀取Function的值。
[C#.Net]
tChart1.Series [2] .CheckDataSource（）;
[VB.Net]
TChart1.Series（2）.CheckDataSource（）
可以在運(yùn)行時(shí)更改函數(shù)定義，只需重新定義Series.DataSource屬性即可為系列分配新函數(shù)：
[C#.Net]
private void button3_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
Steema.TeeChart.Functions.Cumulative cumulative1 = new Steema.TeeChart.Functions.Cumulative();
tChart1.Series[2].Function = cumulative1;
[VB.Net]
Private Sub Button3_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button3.Click
Dim Cumulative1 As New Steema.TeeChart.Functions.Cumulative()
TChart1.Series(2).Function = Cumulative1
End Sub
1.3 功能周期
周期是使用函數(shù)的重要屬性，因?yàn)橹芷诙x了循環(huán)應(yīng)用函數(shù)的點(diǎn)的范圍。
示例
有6個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)（例如條形系列的條形），其值為： 3,8,6,2,9和12。定義一個(gè)具有周期0的函數(shù)系列（默認(rèn)），繪制的平均值為：6.667。將周期設(shè)置為2我們得到3個(gè)平均值作為函數(shù)的輸出：5.5,4和10.5。這些值將在它們的周期范圍中集中繪制，即輸入系列的第1和第2條之間的第1個(gè)值，第3和第4個(gè)條之間的第2個(gè)值等..通過(guò)在“Datasource”頁(yè)面中選擇相關(guān)的“Series and Function”并單擊“Options”選項(xiàng)卡來(lái)定義“Period ”，也可以使用“FunctionType”在運(yùn)行時(shí)修改“Period ”。
例如，line1是函數(shù)系列：
[C#.Net]
line1.Function.Period = 2;
[VB.Net]
Line1.Function.Period = 2
下面是2個(gè)圖表突出顯示應(yīng)用的周期
1.4 時(shí)間段樣式
周期的效果可以定義為范圍，這在使用DateTime系列時(shí)非常有用，將函數(shù)的“Period”表示為TimeStep，屬性“PeriodStyle”控制如何表達(dá)“Period”。例如，可以使用日期時(shí)間源系列上的常規(guī)“Average”功能繪制“monthly average of sales”功能，并將功能期間設(shè)置為“one month”：
[C#.Net]
private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
//Add in a BarSeries and Average Function at design-time.
Random rnd = new Random();
tChart1.Aspect.View3D = false;
TimeSpan month = new TimeSpan(30,0,0,0);
DateTime today = DateTime.Today;
bar1.Marks.Visible = false;
bar1.XValues.DateTime = true;
tChart1.Axes.Bottom.Labels.Angle = 90;
for(int i = 0; i < 60; ++i)
today = today.AddDays(5);
bar1.Add(today, rnd.Next(100),"",Color.Red);
average1.PeriodAlign = Steema.TeeChart.Functions.PeriodAligns.First;
average1.PeriodStyle = Steema.TeeChart.Functions.PeriodStyles.Range;
average1.Period = month.TotalDays;
line1.DataSource = bar1;
line1.CheckDataSource();
[VB.Net]
Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
'Add in a BarSeries and Average Function at design-time.
TChart1.Aspect.View3D = False
Dim Month As New TimeSpan(30, 0, 0, 0)
Dim Today As DateTime = DateTime.Today
Dim i As Integer
Bar1.Marks.Visible = False
Bar1.XValues.DateTime = True
TChart1.Axes.Bottom.Labels.Angle = 90
For i = 0 To 60
Today = Today.AddDays(5)
Bar1.Add(Today, Rnd() * 100, "", Color.Red)
Next
Average1.PeriodAlign = Steema.TeeChart.Functions.PeriodAligns.First
Average1.PeriodStyle = Steema.TeeChart.Functions.PeriodStyles.Range
Average1.Period = Month.TotalDays
Line1.DataSource = Bar1
Line1.CheckDataSource()
End Sub
這將產(chǎn)生幾個(gè)點(diǎn)，每個(gè)點(diǎn)顯示BarSeries中每個(gè)月數(shù)據(jù)的“average”，在計(jì)算日期時(shí)間段的函數(shù)時(shí)，必須按源日期對(duì)源系列中的點(diǎn)進(jìn)行排序，該范圍也可用于非日期時(shí)間序列：
[C#.Net]
for(int i = 0; i < 60; ++i)
bar1.Add(Convert.ToDouble(i), rnd.Next(100),"",Color.Red);
average1.PeriodAlign = Steema.TeeChart.Functions.PeriodAligns.First;
average1.PeriodStyle = Steema.TeeChart.Functions.PeriodStyles.Range;
average1.Period = 6;
[VB.Net]
For i = 0 To 60 Bar1.Add(i, Rnd() * 100, "", Color.Red) Next Average1.PeriodAlign = Steema.TeeChart.Functions.PeriodAligns.First Average1.PeriodStyle = Steema.TeeChart.Functions.PeriodStyles.Range Average1.Period = 6
這將計(jì)算每個(gè)“6”區(qū)間內(nèi)每組點(diǎn)的平均值。（X > = 6，X < 6的點(diǎn)將用于計(jì)算第一個(gè)平均值，X> = 6的點(diǎn)，X < 12將用于計(jì)算第二個(gè)平均值，依此類推......），這與計(jì)算每6個(gè)點(diǎn)的平均值不同。使用“周期對(duì)齊”屬性可以對(duì)齊“系列”范圍內(nèi)的功能點(diǎn)，以下將繪制每月結(jié)束時(shí)的功能點(diǎn)：
[C#.Net]
average1.PeriodAlign = Steema.TeeChart.Functions.PeriodAligns.First; average1.PeriodStyle = Steema.TeeChart.Functions.PeriodStyles.Range; average1.Period = month.TotalDays;
[VB.Net]
Average1.PeriodAlign = Steema.TeeChart.Functions.PeriodAligns.First Average1.PeriodStyle = Steema.TeeChart.Functions.PeriodStyles.Range Average1.Period = Month.TotalDays
Period = Month.TotalDays and PeriodAligns.First，從下圖中可以看出，“average”是在月末繪制的。
Period = Month.TotalDays and PeriodAligns.Last，在這種情況下，“average”是在月初繪制的。
1.5 派生自定義函數(shù)
創(chuàng)建新的Function組件只是創(chuàng)建一個(gè)派生自Function類的新組件（它也可以從現(xiàn)有的函數(shù)類派生），F(xiàn)unction中有兩個(gè)重要的虛擬方法可以重寫以創(chuàng)建新的Function類型。 1）Function.Calculate：public virtual double Calculate（Series Source，int First，int Last） 2）Fu??nction.CalculateMany：public virtual double CalculateMany（ArrayList SourceSeries，int ValueIndex） 如果只有一個(gè)系列用作數(shù)據(jù)源，則Calculate方法用于計(jì)算函數(shù)結(jié)果。如果多個(gè)系列可用作數(shù)據(jù)源，則CalculateMany用于計(jì)算函數(shù)結(jié)果。
示例：創(chuàng)建新的SquareSum功能，需要一個(gè)SquareSum函數(shù)來(lái)返回“sum of squares（平方和）”，此函數(shù)只能有一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)源或多個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)源，因此我們將覆蓋Calculate和CalculateMany方法。
[C#.Net]
public class SquareSum : Steema.TeeChart.Functions.Function
public SquareSum(): base()
public SquareSum(Steema.TeeChart.Chart c): base(c)
public override double Calculate(Series SourceSeries,int FirstIndex,int LastIndex)
ValueList v=ValueList(SourceSeries);
if ( FirstIndex==-1 ) return v.Total;
else
double result=0;
for (int t=FirstIndex; t<=LastIndex; t++)
result+=Math.Sqrt(v[t]);
return result;
public override double CalculateMany(ArrayList SourceSeriesList,int ValueIndex)
ValueList v;
double result=0;
for (int t=0; tValueIndex )
result+=Math.Sqrt(v[ValueIndex]);
return result;
[VB.Net]
Public Class SquareSum
Inherits Steema.TeeChart.Functions.Function
Public Sub New()
MyBase.New()
End Sub
Public Sub New(ByVal c As Steema.TeeChart.Chart)
MyBase.New(c)
End Sub
Public Overrides Function Calculate(ByVal Source As Steema.TeeChart.Series, ByVal First As Integer, ByVal Last As Integer) As Double
Dim v As Steema.TeeChart.ValueList
Dim t As Integer
v = ValueList(Source)
If First = -1 Then
Return v.Total
Else
Dim Result As Double = 0
For t = First To t < Last
Result += Math.Sqrt(v(t))
Next
Return Result
End If
End Function
Public Overrides Function CalculateMany(ByVal SourceSeries As System.Collections.ArrayList, ByVal ValueIndex As Integer) As Double
Dim v As Steema.TeeChart.ValueList
Dim Result As Double = 0
Dim t As Integer
For t = 0 To t < SourceSeries.Count
v = ValueList(CType(SourceSeries(t), Steema.TeeChart.Series))
If v.Count > ValueIndex Then
Result += Math.Sqrt(v(ValueIndex))
End If
Next
Return Result
End Function
End Class
FirstIndex和EndIndex變量用于“loop（循環(huán)）”所有SourceSeries點(diǎn)以計(jì)算平方和。“ValueList”方法用于提取必需的Steema.TeeChart.ValueList，以使這些類與HorizBarSeries等Series類型一起使用，其中“XValues”保存點(diǎn)值而不是“YValues”，當(dāng)Series只有一個(gè)Series作為DataSource時(shí)，使用“Calculate”方法，當(dāng)Series有多個(gè)Series作為數(shù)據(jù)源時(shí)，將調(diào)用“CalculateMany”方法。對(duì)于源系列中的每個(gè)點(diǎn)，“CalculateMany”將被調(diào)用一次，從零開始，以所有數(shù)據(jù)源的最小點(diǎn)數(shù)結(jié)束。理解Calculate和CalculateMany之間的區(qū)別非常重要，當(dāng)只有一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)源并且只調(diào)用一次時(shí)調(diào)用“Calculate”。當(dāng)有多個(gè)Series作為數(shù)據(jù)源時(shí)，會(huì)多次調(diào)用“CalculateMany”（每個(gè)點(diǎn)一個(gè)）。
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